Patient Safety Is More Than Avoiding Pressure Ulcers

Patient safety goes beyond not falling down. Patient safety is more than avoiding pressure ulcers and adhering to proper hand hygiene protocols. As nurses, we will go beyond changing wound dressings, taking vital signs, giving medications and answering call lights. As nurses we must be able to communicate. Patient safety has become a hot topic in the health care field. Due to changes in health insurance, facilities have had to make policy changes. Patients can no longer be billed for a secondary ailment that takes place in the hospital. Pressure ulcers, falls, and infections are examples of treatments that can have costly results – all of which the health care facility must swallow if the patient didn’t arrive with them. Communication has improved along with these policy changes. Electronic health records are a means of reaching a lot of people in minimal time. Bedside shift reporting gives nurses and patients an opportunity to discuss and alter the care plan. Nurse-patient communication is now more important than ever. Our society has made many advancements with communication. The use of cell phones has given us the ability to talk to anyone, anywhere, anytime. Computer technology has also made communication easier. Electronic Health Reporting, or EHRs, has contributed to patient safety by decreasing communication errors. Electronic Health Reports allow a consistent message to be delivered to every team member involved in the patient’s care plan. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about Executive Summary1131 Words   |  5 PagesMary Job Grand Canyon University NRS 451 V Dinwiddie Sandra April, 22, 2012 Pressure ulcer prevention (PUP) in surgical patients has become a major interest in acute care hospitals with the increased focus on patient safety and quality of care. A pressure ulcer is any area of skin or underlying tissue that has been damaged by unrelieved pressure or pressure in combination with friction and shear. Pressure ulcers are caused due to diminished blood supply which in turn leads to decreased oxygenRead MoreThe Nurses Role in Relation to Risk Assessment Essay2726 Words   |  11 Pagesmeasurements have been put in place to minimise the risk to patients who come into contact with health services in both primary and secondary care settings, the specific subject the author will explore is pressure ulcers, definitions will be offered throughout the assignment to assist the readers understanding of terms such as risk and risk assessment, as well as the importance of nutrition and the detrimental effect malnutrition can have on pressure ulcers, the causes and the aims of preventing them throughRead MoreAging Begins As A Young Adult1970 Words   |  8 Pagesslower than it once was, they have less energy and endurance which results in decreased muscle tone due to the lack of use, and osteoporosis sets in leaving them vulnerable to fractures. 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Many strategies have been used to evaluateRead MoreOsteoporosis A Severe Musculoskeletal Disease1741 Words   |  7 Pages Alissa Stevens MED 2047 Osteoporosis Instructor Michelle Earixson-Lamonthe 2/28/2015 VNFT031 â€Å"Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds† (Johnell, 2006 ). Making Osteoporosis a severe musculoskeletal disease. We will cover any the expected findings, signs and symptoms that you will find upon your assessment. It will also cover the routes of treatments, medications and preventive measuresRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Preventative Care3017 Words   |  13 PagesAcross the world patient safety is a major concern when discussing nursing care and health care systems. It is the nurse’s responsibility to advocate for every one of their patients as well as protect the rights and safety of each patient. This is such an important topic because the care and well-being of the patient should be the nurse’s main concern. While caring for each patient the nurse should practice good safety techniques to help prevent further illness or distress to the patient. In this essay

The Substance And Nature Of Free Enterprise Essay

In modern upheaval, social pundits and financial analysts have wrangled about the substance and nature of free enterprise. Robert Heilbroner (March 24, 1919 – January 4, 2005) developed in the twentieth century as a regarded American financial specialist and student of history of monetary thought surely understood for his worries about the two domains of free enterprise. A first individual examination of free enterprise in view of Robert Heilbroner s thoughts as exhibited in the book twenty-first century private enterprise. This exposition addresses how Robert Heilbroner s two domains of private enterprise are both valuable and useless for the general public and will talk about free enterprise as both a financial framework and political request and how they relate looking at speculations presented by Adam Smith, John Maynard Keynes, And Marilyn Waring. by investigating the commitments of private enterprise to the general public, it will get to be evident that free enterprise h as been more positive than negative. What are the two domains of free enterprise? 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Strategic Management Analysis for ASOS Plc-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management Analysis for ASOS Plc. Answer: Mission, Vision and Stakeholders Mission and vision of ASOS Plc ASOS Plc is an online beauty and fashion store in United Kingdom and offers menswear, women wear, accessories, and footwear, jewelry and beauty products. Founded in 2000, ASOS is headquartered in Camden Town at Greater London House (Marques, 2015). The company sells more than 80000 own-brand products online and via mobile experiences. It aims at young adults and sells more than 850 brands and its own range of accessories and clothes. For the financial year 2015, the revenue of ASOS was 1,119.9 million and net assets of 237.3 million. The websites of ASOS is targeting different countries, like; USA, Australia, UK, Spain, Russia, Germany, Italy, Franca and China. In addition to this, the company delivers its products to more than 140 nations from distribution centers in the Europe, United States, China and United Kingdom (Jon, 2017). The mission statement of ASOS is to become the number one e-commerce shopping destination in the world for the people, who love and passionate about the fashion. To attain this, the company is a multi-platform and unique, which truly booms with the customers, who use the products, because it is created by them (Bhardwaj, and Fairhurst, 2010). The company is working to attain this mission by implementing effective marketing strategies. Under its vision statement, ASOS aims to become synonymous to the fashion for the people between the age group of 16 and 25 like; Facebook is for social media networking and Google is for making search. Moreover, its targets to provide best shopping experience to its potential customers in the expectations that they will get return each and every day (Cole, 2013). The above-stated statements will definitely assist the organization in attaining sustainable competitive advantage against it competitors. Under these statements, ASOS is aiming on providing most engaging shopping experience and expanding its business globally. The organization is available for twenty-somethings, wherever they are across the globe. In addition to this, this entity is providing highly effective and efficient retailing. For this, it is executing a faster supply chain for delivering the desired fashion at appropriate prices and on appropriate time. By doing this, it is attracting a maximum customer base inside and outside its home country. The customers will be satisfied with its great services, as they are getting their desired fashion products at their home. Thus, incorporation of these factors in mission and vision will assist ASOS in gaining sustainable competitive advantage (DesJardins, and McCall, 2014). Scenario and Industry Analysis Porters five forces analysis Porters five forces analysis is a tool of marketing that is conducted to analyze the trends and competition in the prospective industry. It includes five forces, which may impact the growth of company in that particular market. Porters five forces analysis for ASOS is stated below; Industry Rivalry In the fashion industry, there are so many competitors, which are posing intense competition on ASOS Plc. From these competitors, Amazon.com is the most popular online retail for fashion and apparel and Marks Spencer is on the top rank among multi-channel retailers in the world. It indicates that ASOS is operating its business in very competitive fashion industry (Eden, Ackermann, 2013). This competition takes the toll on long term productivity of this company. Apart from these above stated competitors, there are some other British fashion retailers, who offered cloths online, such as; Boohoo, Next, Net-a-Porter, Missguided, Topshop and My-wardrobe. These organizations are generation significant revenues and profits against ASOS Plc. Bargaining Power of Buyers In the fashion and clothing industry, the customers have increased demands. They generally prefer to purchase best products by paying minimum prices. This fact is putting pressure on the profitability of the players in the industry (Gordon, 2012). If the customer base of ASOS will be smaller and stronger, there will be higher bargaining power of buyers and their ability for seeking the offers and discounts will be comparatively higher. Bargaining Power of Suppliers All the firms in fashion industry can purchase there raw material from several suppliers. The leading suppliers can decrease the margins of ASOS that it can generate in the retail market. In the customers service sector, strong suppliers utilize their selling power to excerpt higher prices from the companies in fashion and retail industry. In the fashion industry, the bargaining power of suppliers is very high, thus it decreases the profitability of retail and clothing companies (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). Threats of New Entrants Threat of new entrants in fashion industry is also high as the new entrants bring some new and innovative things, which put pressure on the existing companies including ASOS Plc. new companies are engaged in implementing cost effective strategy, reducing costs and offering innovative value proposition to people (Hollensen, 2015). Threats of Substitutes Clothing is one of the basic requirements of human life. It is the necessity, for which it is very hard to get any substitute to replace this. So, the threat of substitute in the industry is comparatively low. Substitution in the fashion and apparel industry is just competition. From the above industry analysis, it can be concluded that attractiveness of this industry is moderate. It can be seen that the company has some threats and some advantages as there is no substitute to the fashion and clothing. It is not much attractive as the buyers have higher indirect bargaining power with lots of leading competitors that make it hard to make a place in the fashion industry (Kunz, Karpova, Garner, 2016). Resources and Capabilities Value Chain Framework Primary Activities Inbound Logistics These are the activities, which are related to storing and distributing the raw materials that go under the process of manufacturing. ASOS has an effective supply chain process and established fulfillment and distribution center in different countries. Generally, it fulfills the orders from its automated picking warehouse. Now, it is planning to expand its warehousing operations. Operations ASOS is working for enhancing its operations and customer experience. It is planning to expand its warehouse operations in United States. The customers are able to opt for the home delivery or utilize the Pick-Up-Drop-Off network of its various store locations for collection of products. In addition, it is making huge investment in customer service. The delivery services of the company are very effective (Neville, 2013). Outbound Logistics ASOS offers a great shopping experience through online media. The company is continuously inventing in warehousing and distribution centers. The delivery system is different in different countries, like; the company offer next day delivery at a premium in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Belgium. It is offering the return facility, if the customers are not satisfied with the products. ASOS is emphasizing on merging the warehouse to create distribution and supply chain more effective and efficient. Marketing and Sales Marketing and sales assist in creating customer awareness and satisfying the customers for buying the products and services (Su, Tong, 2015). The company is interacting with the customers via social media, e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, ASOS website, Instagram, Youtube and Fashion Up mobile app. This online experience has enhanced the customer engagement and increased its customer base. Service Services are the major activities, which are offered by the company and enhanced value of products and services. The company understood that it is very important to maintain the loyalty among customers. For this, it is important to provide quality services to customers, so company is enhancing its online retailing services. Supporting Activities Human Resource Management Human resource management at organization is very effective at ASOS. All the related departments are managed by allocating separate roles and responsibilities. It provides training to the people, who manage the apps and website and the people, who deliver the products to final customer. Infrastructure In addition, the company is making focus on expanding the infrastructure to support its profits and revenues. At the center of infrastructure is the Information Technology. Under infrastructure development, it focuses on HR, transportation, supply chain and some other divisions (Turker, and Altuntas, 2014). Technology ASOS emphasizes on the development of information technology. The company is using advanced technology for delivering the products to customers. The supply chain of the company is linked through information flow. It has developed digital presence all over the world. These activities are creating value to the customers. The company is creating the value by implementing these resources and capabilities effectively. Primarily, it is focusing on developing and upgrading the technology for providing great customer experience (Su, Tong, 2015). In the future, the company can implement some effective strategies for improving them. It should enhance its operation plan and execute marketing strategies. Business and Corporate Strategies In the global competitive environment, ASOS Plc. should implement some specific strategies to attain sustainable competitive advantage. The senior management in the organization should implement effective IT strategy, which will enable them in managing the information systems in a better way. It will reduce the costs and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the business operations (Zott, Amit and Massa, 2011). It will aid the back office operations, like; purchasing, placing an order, merchandizing and execution of the processes. In addition, the company should use low cost model for entering to the global market. For gaining sustainable competitive advantage, ASOS should understand the needs and preferences of the customers. They should understand the current trends in the market and updated fashion trends. Moreover, it should emphasize on the Customer Relationship Management via social networking sites, like; Facebook, Twitter etc. It will make the organization able in getting customer feedback about their products and services (Kotlar, Armstrong, 2012). Although, the company has 24 hours customer support that will offer ASOS the increased competitive advantage. In the global competitive market, ASOS should use effective market entry strategies, which will assist it in establishing its business operations in the new market. These strategies will help ASOS Plc. in getting over the global economic crisis and enhance its operations in other countries. References Bhardwaj, V. and Fairhurst, A., 2010. Fast fashion: response to changes in the fashion industry.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,20(1), pp.165-173. Cole, G.A., 2013, Strategic Management, Cengage Learning. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Eden, C., Ackermann, F., 2013, Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Gordon, R., 2012, Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(2), 122-126. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hollensen, S., 2015, Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jon, C., 2017, "Growing Business Success Stories ASOS". Retrieved from Growingbusiness.co.uk. Kotlar, P. Armstrong, G., 2012, Principles of Marketing (14 edition). Pearson Education, Inc. Kunz, G. I., Karpova, E., Garner, M. B., 2016, Going global: The textile and apparel industry. Fairchild Books. Marques, M.B., 2015.Equity valuation Asos PLC(Doctoral dissertation). Neville, S., 2013,.Asos pulls belts in radioactive scare". The Guardian. Su, J., Tong, X., 2015, Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry.Journal of Product Brand Management,24(2), 124-133. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.837-849. Zott, C., Amit, R. and Massa, L., 2011. The business model: recent developments and future research.Journal of management,37(4), pp.1019-1042.

I am going to examine the different types of love Essay Example

I am going to examine the different types of love Essay In this essay I am going to examine the different types of love and analyse the language that Shakespeare uses to describe them.Shakespeare shows Courtly Love through Romeos love for Rosaline (act 1 scene 1 lines 167-172, 208-215) and Paris love for Juliet (act 5 scene 3 lines 12-17).Courtly Love was a European tradition dating from the Middle Ages. It was a set of rules and expectations about the way lovers from the aristocratic classes should behave.The man should fall in love with a lady of a higher social class.She would probably be married, and therefore unobtainable.He can neither eat nor sleep thinking of his lady.These are a few rules of courtly love.Romeos love for Rosaline was strong, even though that Romeo had never seen Rosaline. The audience find out later that Romeo is in love with the idea of being in love, I know this because:This love feel I, that feel no love in this meaning he was in love with the conventions of love rather than actual love. The courtly love is wri tten like a poem to make the reader realise this is not real love, I know this has when Romeo speaks the words are written as a poem. Shakespeare uses personification in act 1 scene 1 line 169 where love is in capital and it is referred to as Cupid and not as a feeling.Alas that Love, whose view is still muffledOxymoron (a combination of contrasting words), loving hate, heavy lightness these are here to once again show the falseness of Romeos love for Rosaline. Rosaline is also a Capulet and Romeo is treading dangerously.Theres much to do with hate, but more with love meaning some to hating the Capulets but more to do with loving Rosaline. Romeos speech is hyperbolic (exaggerated) to show Romeos view of his love for Rosaline.Negotiations between Paris and Juliets arranged marriage did not surprise the audience, as this was the age when girls got married. The negotiations did not go well, as Juliet refused and Lord Capulet said that if she didnt get married she would be banished.Pari s love for Juliet is also strong and wants Juliet because he thinks she is dead (act 5 scene 3 lines 12-17).Or, wanting that, with tears distilled by moans meaning if he doesnt get Juliet he will cry and moan. This seems that he had very strong feelings for Juliet.Shakespeare shows Family Love between the Capulets household in act 3 scene 5 lines 137-203.Lord Capulet is very angry towards Juliet for not agreeing to marry Paris. There are words of conflict,My fingers itch showing he wants to hit Juliet.Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch! Showing feelings of violence.The Capulets wanted Juliet to get married to Paris as this was the age of getting married and that Paris was a good catch as he was wealthy and a high status. Husbands were chosen by wealth, riches rather than love. Women had no say in his. Earlier in the play Lord Capulet shows love to his daughter Juliet (act 1 scene 2 lines 25).Earth-treading stars that make dark heaven light meaning ladies (Juliet) bright as stars, yet walking on earth. Lord Capulet then treats Juliet, as he doesnt know her by insulting her for not agreeing to marry Paris.Lady Capulet is with Lord Capulet in this argument rather than trying to side with Juliet. The nurse on the other hand is very angry at Lord Capulet for arguing with Juliet and blames him.You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so. The nurse shows much love for Juliet as she has cared for Juliet more than Lady Capulet.Juliet goes to consult Friar Laurence to hear his plan to try and solve her problem. Juliet goes to Friar Laurence as she sees him as a father figure (act 4 scene 1 lines 126).Farewell, dear father! Juliet sees him as a priest but on this occasion hes more like a father to her.Shakespeare expresses Sexual Love through Sampson and Gregory (act 1 scene 1) and Mercutio and Benvolio (act 2 scene 1 lines 17-40).Sampson and Gregory make puns (act 1 scene 1 line 32) and rude jokes (act 1 scene 1 lines 22-25).I will cut off their heads the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads, meaning take womens virginity (a rude joke).My naked weapon is out, meaning his sword but this also means a mens genitals is out (a rude pun). In the start of the argument between Sampson and Gregory they both say collier, choler and collar (these three words all sound alike).Mercutio and Benvolio make jokes and puns about Romeos love (act 2 scene 1 lines 17-40).If love be blind, love cannot hit the mark meaning if theres no love then love cannot achieve its aim. Shakespeare uses such language and includes such scenes to show that sexual love is natural.When Romeo and Juliet meet and kiss each other for the first time, Shakespeare has written the words in a form of a sonnet (a fourteen line poem with the last word rhyming). The sonnet contains an argument and a way working through that argument. The sonnet also includes such religious words as Pilgrim, Profane, Shrine, Saint, Holy, etc (act 1 scene 5). These words are to show Romeo and Juliets lov e as a religion.This holy shrine meaning Juliets hand (act 1 scene 5 line 93). When Romeo spoke about Rosaline he used a lot of oxymorons loving hate, bright smoke to indicate the falseness of his love for Rosaline.In the balcony scene (act 2 scene 2) Romeo has climbed over the wall into the Capulets orchard to speak to his love Juliet (who is on her balcony of her bedroom hence the name the balcony scene). Romeo and Juliet refer to each other as words such as the sun, the moon and the stars (act 2 scene 2 lines 3, 4, and 15).Two of the fairest stars in all heaven referring to Romeo and Juliet.And Juliet is the sun! referring to Juliet. Romeo then swears his love for Juliet by the moon, but Juliet disagrees because the moon is inconstant and she wants their love to last long. Juliet then gives Romeo the idea of getting married.I have no joy of this contract to-night. Romeo promises to see her the next day.

Patient Anxiety from MRI Scans

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Adjectives

15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Adjectives 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Adjectives 15 Frequently Confused Pairs of Adjectives By Mark Nichol Some of these similar-looking words do have, among various meanings, the same sense, but their primary definitions are quite different. Know these distinctions: 1. ambiguous/ambivalent: To be ambiguous is be able to be understood in more than one way (or, less commonly, of uncertain identity); to be ambivalent is to express uncertainty or contradictory opinions. (The latter term is also distinct from indifferent, which implies a lack of opinion or concern.) 2. alternate/alternative: To be alternate is to occur by turns or in a pattern that skips from one side to the other, or to provide another possibility; to be alternative is to offer a choice, or to be a variation from a norm. 3. abstruse/obtuse: Something abstruse is, because of complexity, something not easily comprehended; something obtuse is unclear because or careless or imprecise information. (Obtuse also describes someone who is dull or insensitive, or an object that is blunt or round, and alternatively refers to an angle greater than 90 degrees.) 4. arrant/errant: Arrant means â€Å"immoderate† or â€Å"extreme†; errant means â€Å"traveling† or â€Å"being aimless, or â€Å"straying† or â€Å"misbehaving.† 5. celibate/chaste: A celibate person is one who abstains from sex or marriage; chaste is a synonym but can also mean â€Å"modest† or even â€Å"spotless† or â€Å"austere.† 6. climatic/climactic: Climatic refers to climate; climactic applies to a climax. 7. concerted/concentrated: Something concerted has been conducted in a coordinated manner; concentrated means â€Å"focused† in the sense of organizing toward a common goal. 8. desirable/desirous: Something desirable is attractive or advantageous; desirous refers to being driven by desire. 9. disinterested/uninterested: Both terms can mean â€Å"apathetic,† but disinterested also has the sense of â€Å"neutral.† 10. drastic/dramatic: Drastic means â€Å"extreme†; dramatic refers to something suggestive of drama, or emphatic. 11. exceptional/exceptionable: Something exceptional is superior, or rare (it is also employed to refer to those with mental or physical abilities); something exceptionable is offensive or undesirable people take exception to it. 12. extended/extensive: Extended means â€Å"lengthened† (though it is also sometimes used as a synonym for extensive); extensive means â€Å"to a great degree† or â€Å"of a great magnitude.† 13. forceful/forcible: To be forceful is to be strong or persuasive; something forcible is accomplished by using force (though it can mean â€Å"powerful,† too). Forced, meanwhile, refers to involuntary action or something done only with effort. 14. ironic/sarcastic: An ironic statement is one meant to be understood as meaning something other than its literal meaning indicates; a sarcastic statement can be ironic, but the word sarcastic generally refers to something said facetiously to express ridicule. 15. luxurious/luxuriant: Something luxurious is resplendent in luxury; something luxuriant is fertile and lush, though the word may also be used as a synonym for luxurious. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With50 Nautical Terms in General UseShore It Up

Annotated Biblography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annotated Biblography Assignment - Essay Example Researchers asserted that the Malaysian government, in its vigorous effort to uphold community health care for mentally ill patients, must also ensure that those who are proving services be formally educated on how to implement integrated mental community-based health care by addressing the need to immerse them with knowledge on the use of traditional multicultural belief systems specially in â€Å"family caregivers, mental health service users and service providers.† With the dearth of mental health facilities especially in rural region of Malaysia, family caregiving for mentally-ill patients became the primary resort amongst significant number of family caregivers. Researchers further argued that notwithstanding numerous scholarly studies on family caregiving services for mental illness under Western medical healthcare practices but these are not sensitive to the eastern culture of Malays. The need to have a sensitive approach on mental health care delivery pose a challenge for healthcare providers in Malaysia and indeed, the multi-dimensional ways of caregiving should be utilized as for both traditional and scientific approaches of healthcare. The researchers likewise asserted that studies should likewise be expanded to include concern to mental health social work practices. Further, it was noted that while the government recognize the role of the family in according responsible healthcare for their members as part of its culture and tradition, but mental illness care require a multidisciplinary approach too to respond to the behaviours of the patient and professional or institutional support should be highly regarded too, especially when patients are in a dire need of professional medical attention. Severely ill patients necessitate not only the traditional or customary way of mental healthcare but also professional support because mental illness is a broad illness which cannot be simply regarded as simply possession of evil spirit or a moral weaknes s of a patient or God’s formidable punitive way for human being’s excessive immersion to sins. There are scientific bases on mental illness and there are also specific medications that can be optimized to normalize the behaviour of a mentally ill person. Medical expert intervention is also necessary to address symptoms, effects, and impacts of mental illness to persons, especially those that have tremendous tendency to inflict harm to self or those that are possessing violent capacities. Psychiatric help is also essential in understanding the sociological context of mental illnesses. Alpar, G., Hoepman, J-H., Siljee, J. (2011). The Identity Crisis: Security, Privacy and Usability issues in Identify Management, Radboud University Nijmegen: The Sentinels, pp, 1-14. This research is focused on the ‘identity crisis’ emerging from â€Å"substantial security, privacy and usability shortcomings encountered in existing systems for identity management (Alpar, Hoep man, & Siljee, 2011, p. 1).† Substantial research is deemed essential to resolve issues arising from the utilization of information technology where

Pornography Read and focus on the instruction Essay

Pornography Read and focus on the instruction - Essay Example For example, piracy threatens music industry if it is left without monitoring and other legal measures. This indicates that there should be moral and legal issues to govern copyright (Bouchoux 108). Mostly, people who benefit from the program are the composers. Therefore, increasing the use of technology can enhance the knowledge of internet users. In this regard, strict laws and encouraging morality are the best ways to prevent music piracy and protect intellectual property by upholding copyright laws (Crane and Matten 24). Music industry, for example, creates a number of employment opportunities for those who are interested in that sector or operating entertainment joints. As an economic venture, the musicians and music producers believe that the technologically driven products have a future in the competitive market due to increasing preference for online products. The music industry is capital intensive and if the products is free on internet, then those who engage in this activi ty for economic gain will not benefit. Therefore, music should not be free on internet to make sure that the musicians benefit from their effort (Kelly 81). Since the children who are below the recommended age, sometimes those less than twelve years could have access to internet; they might access the pornographic pictures with pronounced impacts on the child’s psychology. Indeed, such psychological changes might not conform to the societal norms and could ruin the development of the child. Question 2: critical analysis of hard-core art Focusing on the â€Å"hard-core art† film, it is evident that internet pornography is a real impediment to the virtuous practices in the society. In fact, it is addictive, thus wipes out the ethical values among the youths in the society. Since these groups of people are considered as the future of the society, actions that could significantly alter their morality have to receive a major opposition from the different groups of people (B laxill and Eckardt 107). Culturally, sexual actions are regarded as sacred and should be exposed unnecessarily, mostly to the children. However, with the use of internet, controlling the children’s access to such pornographic actions might be difficult, because they could access them through mobile phones, cyber cafes, video CDs, which are easily within their reach (Blaxill and Eckardt 112). With increased accessibility to internet pornography, the children might start engaging in prostitution, which have adverse effects on their lives. This is because; there has not been any mechanism to detect the age of the internet user, thereby making it difficult to bar the children from accessing them. Some of the impacts of engaging in prostitution at an early stage might cause include, dropping out of school, contracting sexually transmitted infections and erosion to the moral practices of the people (Crane and Matten 48). In this regard, it is necessary to note that such practices a re not desirable, thus it is the responsibility of the person and other members of the society to eliminate them. Therefore, the fight on internet pornography is justified (Hughes and Kroehler 97). Increase of online bullying has raised a lot of concern among the internet users in both developed and developing countries. Notably, the people’s awareness of its prevalence in many internet sites has significantly increased, and

Planning to Work Efficiently Essay Example for Free

Planning to Work Efficiently Essay This activity is concerned with the way that you plan work for your team. You should: * Identify the targets set for your team, including the indicators that will be used to measure these targets * Identify which, if any, of these targets is related to efficiency and/or effectiveness * Use one planning technique to plan a job activity in your workplace and explain how you would monitor the planned job activity. * Explain why the supply chain is so important in delivering results and meeting your customer requirements. Mike Pevitt Bolton College mission statement Bolton College works with a wide range of public and private sector organisations, including the ‘Bolton Family’ of public sector organisations, to meet the education and training needs of Bolton, its geographical, cultural and business communities. The College seeks to contribute to the education and training needs of the region and sub-region and, in relation to some niche markets, it will play a national and international role. We will support social and economic regeneration and contribute to measurable business success and community cohesion through the provision of flexible, innovative and responsive high quality training opportunities, working in partnerships with employers, local communities, key agencies and training providers. We will create a high quality learning organisation which captures outstanding practice including a culture of continuous improvement, by providing inspirational, cutting edge teaching and learning which is responsive to the needs, interests and experience of all learners and leads to success. We will widen participation and increase access to lifelong learning opportunities in education and training at a variety of locations and assist all our learners to reach and maximise their full potential and progress in their learning and employment. Key performance indicators for the college and department are retention, achievement and success of the students, Functional skills feeds into all of these targets for the college as a whole and now also individual department who use the services of the  functional skills area. The current targets are set out below: Ret Ach Success Under19 Long 1 89% 93% 83% Long 2 89% 93% 83% Long 3 87% 93% 81% The above targets are set for all teams within the college, this year the Functional Skills team have similar targets with the added support from other college departments to encourage qualifying students to attend, enrol and work towards passing their Functional Skills exam in Maths and English at the appropriate level for that student ranging from Entry Level 1 to Level 2. The aim of the Scheme of work is to enable the subject to be taught in a logical planned manner, to make the lessons interesting for both the student and the lecturer and to ensure that the correct resources in place to aid teaching and learning. The scheme of work will also assist in the retention of students on the programme by also allowing them access to their planned year of study and regular assessment to measure attainment and learning. So it is essential that as a team we can plan the scheme of work and lesson plans together and allocate various duties to members to gather resources or research new resour ces and report back to the rest of the team at regular monthly meetings. Planning At the start of the college year the Functional Skills team will met before the start of the first term to plan the forthcoming year’s scheme of work and effective lesson plans that all members can follow and be able to deliver the same programme to all learners whatever department they are in or their ability. The process involves the gathering of resources and planning a logical scheme of work which follows a dedicated learning process to enable the team and most importantly its students to achieve at their given ability level. This process can be perfectively demonstrated in the following Gantt chart. Development of Functional Skills maths staff scheme of work and lesson plans. The scheme of work is developed with regards the college targets and the Ofsted new inspection Framework standards so that we can deliver a well-balanced logical course to the college students to enable them to progress to their ability level and obtain the qualification. All targets set are SMART :- S specific, significant, stretching M measurable, meaningful, motivational A agreed upon, attainable, achievable, acceptable, action-oriented R realistic, relevant, reasonable, rewarding, results-oriented T time-based, timely, tangible, track able A goal would be to hold a weekly project meeting with the key members of the functional skills team or to organise and run a continuous test programme throughout the completion of the general scheme of work. Weekly meetings are monitored and progress is measured against each member of the teams own target areas. The team leader will also monitor on a daily basis using email to ensure that the members are on track and are not falling behind on what they have to do, The scheme of work has to be completed to enable the college supply chain to be maintained for other departments who use the functional skills team to deliver at least two hours a week of functional skills maths to those departments’ learners at the appropriate level. The general scheme of work and lesson plans will enable the other staff members to step in if a colleague is off for any reason they will know exactly what lesson should be delivered that week because they will be delivering the  same one to their usual classes. This means that the learner does not miss out on their lessons and will also enable them to achieve, this will also impact on that department as functional skills now forms part of their own performance criteria so a seamless delivery can only assist in the attainment of the department success.

LOP Effect on Memory Types

LOP Effect on Memory Types Memory and its complexity involve systematic processes intent on successfully accessing and retrieving information (Atkinson, Shiffrin, 2016). The depth in which people process external information contributes to memory formation (Craik Lockhart, 1972). Moreover, the capacity for people to remember acquired knowledge depends on attention level, encoding level, and rehearsal level in which the information was processed (Craik Tulving, 1975). types of memory (implicit and explicit) along with the level-of-processing (LOP) involved in each. There is two types of memory implicit and explicit memory. Implicit memory can be described as habitually executing tasks that do not require intentional recall (Schacter, 1987). It has been suggested that implicit memory begins to develop in early infancy and remains constant in terms of improvement or deterioration through the progression of life (Và ¶hringer et al., 2017). Explicit memory can be described as intentionally executing tasks that require critical thinking and relies on the ability to recall (learned or experienced) information (Ullman, 2004). Explicit memory begins to develop after implicit memory and has a prolonged emergence (Richmond Nelson, 2007). Both types of memory are crucial and each serves a purpose (Sun, 2012). Adding depth to the type of memory is practical in terms of improving peoples memory. For shallow processing, stimuli are analyzed regarding sensory characteristics. On the other hand, deep processing is involved with the analysis regarding the meaning of the stimuli (Galli, 2014). Material processed while interpreting the meaning behind it is better for explicit memory than items processed using shallow operations at any level of depth. As a result, the characteristics of shallow and deep LOP are associated with the significance of the memory. The deeper the LOP, the easier the information could be recalled. The shallow LOP involves superficial aspects of stimuli and leads to the formation of a fragile memory. Conceptually-driven task and perceptually-driven task performance both depend on previously learned information pertaining to the stimuli in the task (Schwartz Yovel, 2016). Perceptual information can be described as physical aspects of the stimulus such as color while conceptual information can be described in terms of the stimulis purpose or meaning (Schwartz Yovel, 2016). Conceptual tests show implicit memory effect implying that only conceptually driven tests can affect the LOP. Perceptual reasoning only takes effect under explicit memory thus has no effect as far as LOP is concerned (Craik Tulving, 1975). In determining factors with LOP effect, studies show that only implicit triggers have an association with LOP thus concluding that only conceptually driven tests can show significant LOP effects. Major criticism on LOP and memory has been accounted by Craik (Craik Lockhart, 1972). Suggestions made that the conceptual framework of memory has advantages as it directs attention to the mental events and processes (Craik Lockhart, 1972). However, the issue of LOP has posed major difficulties, as retention ability is a function of depth and spread of processing (Craik Tulving, 1975). It offers no suitable criteria for indexing either depth or spread of the encoding. Craik also argues that encoding depth and spread appears to affect the retrieval ability to recall but are irrelevant in the determination of retrieval strategies. Both explicit and implicit memories have core functions in human functioning (Richmond Nelson, 2007). Different tests are carried out based on the two memories to determine their relationship with LOP. LOP should show strong effect with the explicit memory than implicit memory (Craik Lockhart, 1972). LOP is high for explicit memory as compared to implicit memory (Richmond Nelson, 2007). The hypothetical analysis aimed to determine the number of words remembered under the two models (Craik Lockhart, 1972). Deeper LOP should allow for remembrance of many words as opposed to shallow LOP. The purpose of the current experiment was to examine the LOP effect on the type of memory. It was hypothesized that deep LOP would result in the greater recall of words that were previously presented to participants during the deep LOP task compared to shallow LOP in both implicit and explicit memory. The main effect would occur and individuals in the deep LOP would remember more words in comparison to individuals in the shallow LOP and the outcome of LOP would be greater in the explicit memory task compared to implicit memory. It was further hypothesized that a dissociation between LOP and type of memory interaction effect would occur as deep LOP having a greater effect on the explicit condition. Method Participants Participants in the experiment consisted of 242 psychology students, 46 were male and 196 were female. The age in years amongst participants ranged from 19 years old to 60 years old (M = 25.22). Of the participants, 5.8% were Asian, 10.7% were African-American, 19.4% were Caucasian, 59.5% were Latino and 4.5% identified with other. All participants were english speakers, drafted within the San Bernardino area in California, and were considered a convenient sample. No incentives were given to participants. All participants were treated in accordance with the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2002). Materials A computer compatible with Microsoft powerpoint software and testing booklets was needed. The computer program included two types of orienting tasks (shallow and deep LOP). Each oriented task included 10 positive words and 10 negative words (see Appendix1). Shallow LOP task contained 20 words, 10 were positive, 10 were negative, half were presented in red and half were presented in green. The deep LOP task contained 20 words all presented in black. The experimental booklets included instructions for completing the test along with a consensus form for participants to mark giving consent to the experiment, a designated area containing several common traits used to identify or describe participants demographics in terms of gender, age and ethnicity. The experimental booklets included a distracter task of fill-in the blanks by beginning with the number 725 and counting backward by threes until all blanks were filled. The booklets designed to evaluate shallow LOP contained a word stem com pletion task. The word stem task contained partial words that were presented during the computer task. Participants were instructed to recall the words and complete the word stem. The booklets designed to measure deep LOP contained blank spaces and participants were instructed to fill in the blanks relying solely on the ability to recall the words presented to them on the computer task. The last piece of material provided participants with the debriefing statement and contact information for the corresponding coordinator. Procedure All participants were first invited to participate in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups (DLEM, DLIM, SLEM, SLIM). Participants were placed in an environment without distractions while they carefully read the instructions. If they were in agreeance, participants were asked to mark the informed consent sheet and fill in the demographic information that best described them. Once participants were ready to begin, they initiated the start of the computer task. On the computer screen, participants were asked to respond to the given stimuli as fast as possible without the ability to regress and given two practice rounds. The participants in groups DLEM and DLIM were presented with deep LOP stimuli on the computer. While, participants in groups SLEM and SLIM, were given shallow LOP stimuli on the computer. Following the computer task, participants had to complete the distracter sheet. The final step to the packet was for either measuring implicit memory (parti cipants had a word stem completion task) or for measuring explicit memory (contained blank spaces for participants to fill in the blanks). Before participants departed they were handed a copy of the debriefing statement and simultaneously thanked for their participation in the study. Design A two-factorial design was implemented for the current study. The independent variable in the experiment was the LOP and qualifies as a categorical, qualitative variable with two levels (shallow and deep). The other independent variable of the experiment was the type of memory and qualifies as a categorical and qualitative variable that contained two levels (implicit memory and explicit memory). The dependent variable was the number of words correctly completed or correctly recalled meaning it was a quantitative variable. The main effect of the LOP on the total number of words completed or recalled correctly and the interaction effect between LOP and the type of memory on the total number of words completed or recalled correctly. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine significance (p t-test to further examine significance (p Results The purpose of the current study was to examine LOP and types of memory with the intention to measure the difference between deep LOP and shallow LOP. It was expected that participants in deep LOP would recall more words than participants in the shallow LOP. The study found that there was a significant main effect of LOP, F(1, 238) = 68.05, p = .000, this had a large effect size (Np2=.22).This means that deep LOP (M = 5.24) was better at word recall when compared to shallow LOP (M = 2.88). There was a significant interaction effect between LOP and type of memory, F(1, 238) = 12.51, p Np2 = .05). The effect of the deep LOP was greater on explicit tasks (M = 6.00) when compared to implicit tasks (M = 4.34). While shallow LOP had a greater effect on implicit tasks (M = 3.03) compared to explicit tasks (M = 2.73). Furthermore, two t-test showed that deep LOP was significantly better for explicit tasks, t(124) = 8.38, p t(114) = 3.32, p Figure 1). This means that participants in deep LOP remembered more words in comparison to participants in shallow LOP as expected. Discussion The purpose of the experiment was to establish whether different LOP would have an influence on types of memory. The LOP examined were shallow LOP and deep LOP along with the type of memory implicit and explicit memory. It was hypothesized that deep LOP would have a higher amount of recalled words compared to shallow LOP in terms of implicit memory and explicit memory. The results show the effect of deep LOP was greater on explicit tasks in comparison to implicit tasks this illustrations clear distinction with shallow LOP resulting with a greater effect on implicit tasks compared to explicit tasks. Additionally, it was further hypothesized that a dissociation would occur as an interaction effect between LOP and type of memory the results were as expected and the effect was greater at deep LOP and was reflected in the explicit condition. The current experiment expected that more words would be recalled at the deep LOP. The logic behind the hypothesis was that tasks involving deep LOP would require interpretation of the stimuli. As a result, in order to correctly interpret stimuli, individuals must concentrate on the task. Consequently, inciting deep LOP would force participants to pay more attention and would result in higher number of recalled words for the deep LOP task compared to the shallow LOP task. Deep LOP provides an opportunity to learn because it demands attention and if undivided attention is given to a task the deeper the LOP (Treisman, 1964). It was further hypothesized that a dissociative interaction effect would occur between LOP and type of memory with deep LOP having a greater effect on explicit memory. The logic behind the hypothesis is that dissociations are to be expected between conceptual and perceptual tasks (Weldon, Roediger, Beitel, Johnston, 1995). Moreover, unlike explicit memory, previous research has distinguished that aging has a small effect on implicit memory (Parkin, 1993). This means that it is possible for implicit memory to remain constant with permanency prevailing while explicit memory declines through the progression of age (Và ¶hringer et al., 2017). Such studies indicate that there are dissociative characteristics between processes and dissociative characteristics between the types of memory. The experimental results were expected. However, limitations of the experiment manifested in the form of intangible measures. Such measures include the difficulty of separating the depths of processes and systems. For instance, explicit memory also involves conceptual processes (Weldon et al., 1995). Future research must contribute to the formation of fixed stages of processing with corresponding thresholds. Doing so would mean a framework that theorizes on the overlapping of interaction between mental processes and types of memory. The current experiment could have implications in the mental health field. As mental disorders interact with types of memory much like amnesiac patients showing little impairment on implicit memory while demonstrating impairment on explicit memory (Warrington Weiskrantz, 1970). The experiment can aid in the interaction LOP could have on memory related mental disease. Such as a study involving diagnosed Alzheimers patients, which reported that Alzheimer patients showed little impairment in implicit test (Scott, Wright, Rai, Exton-Smith, Gardiner, 1991). Exercising procedures that incorporating implicit memory should help and improve mental state, however, because of the nature of the disease the benefits could be brief (Scott et al., 1991). In closing the current experiment has provided valuable information and insight into LOP and memory. The results indicate that deep LOP of explicit tasks could aid in memory improvement for explicit tasks and could be essential for critical thinking and strategic decision making when using this type of memory. References American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologist and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073 Atkinson, R. C., Shiffrin, R. M. (2016). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In R. J. Sternberg, S. T. Fiske, D. J. Foss, R. J. Sternberg, S. T. Fiske, D. J. Foss (Eds.), Scientists making a difference: One hundred eminent behavioral and brain scientists talk about their most important contributions (pp. 115-118). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. Challis, B.H. Brodbeck, D. R. (1992). Level of processing affects priming in word fragment  completion. Craik, F. I. M., Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal Of Verbal Learning Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X Craik, F. I. M., Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 268-294. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 Galli, G. (2014). What makes deeply encoded items memorable? Insights into the levels of processing framework from neuroimaging and neuromodulation. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 5 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00061 Parkin, A. J. (1993). Implicit memory across the lifespan. In P. Graf, M. J. Masson, P. Graf, M. J. Masson (Eds.), Implicit memory: New directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology (pp. 191-206). Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Richmond, J., Nelson, C. A. (2007). Accounting for change in declarative memory: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Developmental Review, 27(3), 349-373. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.04.002 Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, And Cognition, 13(3), 501-518. doi:10.1037/0278- 7393.13.3.501 Schwartz, L., Yovel, G. (2016). The roles of perceptual and conceptual information in face recognition. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(11), 1493-1511. doi:10.1037/xge0000220 Scott, L. C., Wright, G. K., Rai, G. S., Exton-Smith, A. N., Gardiner, J. M. (1991). Further evidence of preserved memory function in Alzheimers disease. International Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6(8), 583-588. doi:10.1002/gps.930060806 Sun, R. (2012). Memory systems within a cognitive architecture. New Ideas In Psychology, 30(2), 227-240. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.11.003 Treisman, A. (1964). Monitoring and storage of irrelevant messages in selective attention. Journal Of Verbal Learning Verbal Behavior, 3(6), 449-459. doi:10.1016/S0022- 5371(64)80015-3 Ullman, M. T. (2004). Contributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative/procedural model. Cognition, 92(1-2), 231-270. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008 Và ¶hringer, I. A., Kolling, T., Graf, F., Poloczek, S., Fassbender, I., Freitag, C., Knopf, M. (2017). The development of implicit memory from infancy to childhood: On average performance levels and interindividual differences. Child Development, doi:10.1111/cdev.12749 Warrington, E. K., Weiskrantz, L. (1970). Amnesic syndrome: Consolidation or retrieval?. Nature, 228(5272), 628-630. doi:10.1038/228628a0 Weldon, M. S., Roediger, H. L., Beitel, D. A., Johnston, T. R. (1995). Perceptual and conceptual processes in implicit and explicit tests with picture fragment and word fragment cues. Journal Of Memory And Language, 34(2), 268-285. doi:10.1006/jmla.1995.1012 Appendix # (Title for it) HAPPY WORDS: Kindness, Intelligent, Wisdom, Hero, Lucky, Creative, Pleasure, Beauty, Calm, Success SAD WORDS: Hate, Ugly, Poverty, Anger, Murder, Pain, Disaster, Slavery, Damage, Awful Placed above Figure 1: Table

Classical vs Baroque Era Music

Baroque PeriodMusical texture during the Baroque period was also polyphonic and/or homophonic. Composers used melodic patterns to evoke certain moods. The use of text depiction continued. Rhythmic and melodic patterns are repeated throughout the composition. With the addition of instruments and the development of certain musical techniques such as basso continuo, music during the Baroque period became more intriguing.Composers during this period were more open to experimentation and improvisation. Major and minor scales and chords were used during this time. Baroque music has unity of mood throughout the composition. Rhythm is also more constant. Rhythmic and melodic patterns tend to be repeated, although beats are more pronounced and there are also pitch changes within a composition. Even the dynamics tends to stay the same for most of the piece, but sometimes there is also an alternation of dynamics.Classical PeriodThe themes within a movement of a Classical composition have more c ontrast of mood and it can change either gradually or suddenly. The rhythm is more flexible and there are at times sudden pauses and changes in beats. Music is more melodic and often homophonic. A change in dynamics is gradual. The piano became a popular instrument during this period and composers showcased the instruments’ capabilities. This period also signaled the end of the basso continuo. Instrumental compositions usually had 4 movements and each movement may consist of 1 to 4 themes.SimilaritiesIn both the Baroque and Classical periods, composers were strongly tied to, connected to, and employed by the court of a Royal or Noble family of some sort, or a church. Mozart was employed by the Emperor of Austria, and Bach was employed by several different chapels in his lifetime. These wealthy patrons, establishments or families usually provided  for the composers welfare and lifestyle.Baroque and Classical music both share basic functional harmony that is not very adventur ous in modulation, however, the mid to late Classic period begins to show signs of harmonic exploration to a wider degree. Some Baroque progressions are not commonly found in Classical music, however.Forms of the Baroque laid ground for many periods to come. Techniques and styles were not forgotten as the Classical period came to noticeable rise around the death of Bach. Composers still wrote famous and striking operas, concertos, masses, and sonatas Aspects of Classical era opera are: all of the words are sung, the style of singing must be powerful enough to project the words and music throughout the opera house, words are often not in English, and the plots of operas are usually shortened, because more time is required to express a thought in music than simply speaking.Also, Classical opera requires the suspension of realities that affect any drama. For example, a change of scene most likely means that a large amount of time has passed between these two scenes within the opera. Th e purpose of Classical opera is not to imitate reality, but rather heighten it to a degree that is not bound by logic. It appeals to the imagination of the audienceThe music of an opera consists of recitatives, arias, and choruses. The chorus usually participates on stage from behind the main characters.Several traditions exist about the type of voices and the characters portrayed. The heroine and hero usually a soprano and tenor, and the villain or authority figure is often a bass.Two types of operas were important during the Classical period: opera seria and opera buffa. Opera seria was the traditional tragic opera that often featured stories about ancient Greek and Roman heros and gods. Opera buffa (comic opera) was filled with fun and frivolity. It was written in  vernacular languages, and used humorous dialogue and sometimes included popular tunes.Homophonic texture was mostly used, with only occasional counterpoint. New forms developed for individual movements: sonata-allegr o, theme and variations, rondo, and minuet and trio.Niccolà ² Piccinni, Christoph Willibald Gluck, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were three well known opera composers during the early Classical era. Famous pieces that they wrote included: La buona figliuola, Orfeo ed Euridice, and La finta giardiniera, respectively.

Calculating Correlation Values for Categorical Data

Calculating correlation values for categorical data In order to find the correlation values for the fields in our data set, The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. This requires that the data in both fields be quantitative. But what if we were looking to calculate the correlation on two given fields that were say, numerical and categorical, or even both categorical. The Point Biserial coefficient is a special case of The Pearson Correlation Coefficient; it is a branch of PCC although they are mathematically equivalent.It is used when one field has quantitative data and the other has categorical values, specifically categorical data that can only be one of two options for example gender. To calculate the PBC the data is divided between the two values of the dichotomous data, where the two values of this field are given the values 0 and 1. The distribution of the data will in general show the frequencies for each value and can be used to show how well two fields are correlated.Sp earman’s Rank Order Coefficient is a method of estimating correlation between data that is nominal and importantly must be ordered. It checks how well the relationship between the two fields can be described using a monotonic function Another method for calculating the correlation is the Chi squared Test, this requires data to be classified and frequencies worked out in a table. From this table the correlations can be determined using the Chi Square Test, this works on any pair of nominal or categorical fields

How to Speak English With an American

How to Speak English With an American Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. To use English effectively, you need to understand the culture in which it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips to remember when speaking English in the United States. American English Points to Remember Most Americans only speak English: While it is true that more and more Americans speak Spanish, most Americans only speak English. Dont expect them to understand your native language.Americans have difficulties understanding foreign accents: Many Americans are not used to foreign accents. This requires patience from both of you! Conversation Tips Speak about location: Americans love to talk about location. When speaking to a stranger, ask them where they are from and then make a connection with that place. For example: Oh, I have a friend who studied in Los Angeles. He says its a beautiful place to live. Most Americans will then willingly talk about their experiences living or visiting that particular city or area.Talk about work: Americans commonly ask What do you do?. Its not considered impolite (as in some countries) and is a popular topic of discussion between strangers.Talk about sports: Americans love sports! However, they love American sports. When speaking about football, most Americans understand American Football, not soccer.Be careful when expressing ideas about race, religion, or other sensitive topics: The United States is a multi-cultural society, and many Americans are trying very hard to be sensitive to other cultures and ideas. Talking about sensitive topics like religion or beliefs is often avoided in order to be sure not to offend someone of a different belief system.   Addressing People Use last names with people you do not know: Address people using their title (Mr, Ms, Dr) and their last names.Always use Ms when addressing women: It is important to use Ms when addressing a woman. Only use Mrs when the woman has asked you to do so!Many Americans prefer first names: Americans often prefer using first names, even when dealing with people in very different positions. Americans will generally say, Call me Tom. and then expect you to remain on a first name basis.Americans prefer informal: In general, Americans prefer informal greetings and using first names or nicknames when speaking with colleagues and acquaintances. Public Behavior Always shake hands: Americans shake hands when greeting each other. This is true for both men and women. Other forms of greeting such as kissing on the cheeks, etc., is generally not appreciated.Look your partner in the eye: Americans look each other in the eyes when they are speaking as a way of showing that they are sincere.Dont hold hands: Same-sex friends do not usually hold hands or put their arms around each other in public in the United States.Smoking is out!!: Smoking, even in public places, is strongly disapproved of by most Americans in the modern United States.

Child ByTiger essays

Child ByTiger essays Child By Tiger by Thomas Wolfe is a story about a black man, Dick Prosser, and the life he lived being a black man living in the South. Although the story isnt fully based on racial issues, Dick still suffers racial oppression. For example, the fight with Lon Everett, and having to sit outside of the white church during services. Eventually, after trying for so long to remain calm and be accepted by society, he goes crazy on a killing rampage. Child By Tiger shows a complete loss of innocence reguarding Prosser. He was once an incredible black man that had many talents most blacks didnt have. All Dick wanted was to be accepted by society but after he had tried so hard and so long he cant bear it anymore and that is what causes his sudden reuption of violence. Prosser transforms from being the lamb- very innocent creature, into a tiger by the end of the story- hence the title. In the short story "The Child by Tiger," Thomas Wolfe uses Dick Prosser's situations and lifestyles to enforce his belief that Dick's outburst of slayings stem from an unresolved search for acceptance among the whites, blacks, and even God. The white race takes advantage of Dick's abilities; however, they cannot accept him as one of their own because pre-set stereotypes inhibit inter-racial relationships. Mr. Sheppardton proclaims, "That Dick was the best man he'd ever had, the smartest darky that he'd ever known." But even "the smartest darky" cannot partake in the white man's world. This truth evidences itself regarding church attendance. The chauffeur of the Sheppardton family, Dick must "come up to the side door of the church while the service [is] going on...and stand there humbly and listen during the course of the entire sermon." Dick is not allowed to even enter the church proudly and listen to the service; he has to stand outside and experience the sermon from a distance...

Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Theater - Essay Example A man who suffers from congenital analgesia, a condition where he is unable to feel any form of pain falls in love with a woman and realizes that bruises and lacerations aren’t the only form pain that the human body could experience. The character’s exploration of pain and love is not only heart-warming but gives a close association between emotions and how they affect the well-being of our body. It shows how love repairs the character’s body and discusses a very novel concept in this short story titled â€Å"this hurts†. By the end of Steve’s story, his condition is miraculously healed as he falls in love and begins to experiences pain that he was medically unable to feel. The story could have given greater depth to Steve’s and his lover’s character but the fact that the play had eight more stories it is quite understandable as to why the plot wasn’t only superficially elaborated upon. All in all â€Å"Almost, Maine† is a well-written play that requires immense aptitude for its production and the director and actors did a wonderful job in bringing together all these exquisite notions in one

Apple company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple company - Essay Example The following are financial ratios for APPLE INCLUSIVE for the year ending 2012, 2013, and 2014. Horizontal analysis compares how a company runs its operation across different segments in different years, and emphasizes on cash allocation and generation (Bull, 2008). While vertical analysis compares the amount allocated to an item against the total that was available in a given year. The current assets for APPLE INCLUSIVE rose by 27.1%; in 2013 and dropped to 18.8% in 2014. It was a result of decrease of short-term investments by 38.8%. Total liabilities increased by 44.2% in 2013 and rose by 107.9% in 2014. It was as a result of the abrupt increased current liabilities by 64.6%. The total stockholder’s equity rose by 5% in 2013 and decreased by 6% in 2014. The revenue for the year ending 2014 increased by 17% but the cost of production too increased by 27% making the net income to decrease by 6%. The value of current assets rose by 35% in 2013 and dropped to 32% in 2014. The value of long term investments decreased from 56% in 2012 to 52% in 2014. Current liabilities moved increased by 7%; this is because of increased account payable by 49%. Gross profit for APPLE INCLUSIVE decreased from 43.8% in 2012 to 38.5% in 2014. The reason to this can be blamed on the increased cost of goods from 56.1% in 2012 to 61.4% in 2014. The net income was impacted by the above increased in cost of production, resulting in a decrease by 5.1%. Profitability ratios are a reflection of how a company is efficient in generating income. These ratios are â€Å"seductive† to investors; an investor would like to know how profitable is the corporation before they decide to invest. Everyone expects to value for their money. From the above ratios, it might look contradicting how the two ratios give a different interpretation of the financial performance of APPLE INCLUSIVE. Profit margin shows the net

The form and function of Concept Store Literature review

The form and function of Concept Store - Literature review Example The subsequent section provides a detailed overview of concept stores, thus giving insight into the inception of this retail store concept and the principal features that characterize it. This chapter also covers the factors that contribute to the widespread adoption of concept stores in the fashion sector, under the key drivers section. Other factors addressed under this literary analysis segment include the format of a conventional concept store, the potential size and popular locations of these retail stores, as well as, the distribution hierarchy adopted by most concept stores. The latter section provides information on strategic function, design or architectural form of a concept store, and the overall language concept of this category of stores. The concluding part of the literature review chapter identifies research gaps that exist in study information available on concept stores, their design and overall operation. The physical environment of a store is one of the principal issues that retailers are supposed to take into account when launching a business venture. This is because it plays a significant role in affecting consumers’ decision to purchase and experience the entire shopping experience. Management of a store’ retail setting, therefore, affects both parties with the store owners’ enjoying increased revenues from enhanced customer loyalty, and shoppers gaining pleasure from the ambient shopping environs. Referred to as â€Å"atmospherics† the concept of managing the physical environs of a store was initially proposed by Kotler (1973). In this case, management of the atmosphere of a store is delineated as concerted effort to conceptualize a design that evokes certain emotions, which increase purchasing probability. Stimuli spurred by in-store setting directly correlates with the amount of pleasure that customers derive from shopping at the store. Ambient aspects related to the physical background of a store usually

Graphic Design Essay Example for Free

Graphic Design Essay Everyone knows the feeling of walking around and seeing something on the floor that catches their eye, usually it is nothing but trash with creative designs and coloring, but why are people so curious to see what it is anyway? Because the graphic designers for that company did their job correctly. Graphic design is the art of getting a message out to a targeted audience through various forms of artwork. Everyone worldwide, businesses and the average person use graphic designing skills every day. Every shirt with a design, logo or message was the work of graphic designers. Another example of graphic design is Myspace.com, a social network. Users on Myspace.com can edit profiles such as adding designs, changing color schemes, and several applications such as games, and music applications. That is one way people use graphic design from day to day. Graphic designers are a key component in any business or company worldwide. A company or business can only do so well without advertising and innovation. For example, you would not go into a store and view three different boxes of televisions and all it said on every single one was television on it without any designs or color. Companies hire innovative graphic designers to get a specific message across to an audience. Graphic designers consider cognitive, cultural, physical and social factors in planning and executing designs for the targeted audience. (U.S.) Graphic designers are very valuable to companies and can make or break a company. A products message to the targeted audience might be very weak and vague with poor graphic design. A product can be great with the right color schemes and attractive designs. Graphic designers generate unique images for their company or client which will be seen on their products as a logo, design, or advertisement. They also design company billboards, product labels, with not only by using images, but also using creative writing as well. Designers make the company because they have to make a design or logo that will compete with dozens of competitors selling the same product or service (Stone). The advertising industry benefits the most from graphic designers by making sure the product or service is understandable and clear. Graphic design is nothing new it has been around forever. Historians believe the earliest manuscripts were created anywhere from four hundred A.D. to six hundred A.D. Illuminated manuscripts are manuscripts that has text which is complemented by decorated boarders and images or illustrations. Graphic design is the combination of computer animations and graphics mixed with drawings to create art, logos, advertising (Graphic). Graphic design focuses on visual communication and presentation of products, businesses, website, or projects. Graphic design enhances transfer of knowledge and makes everything a lot easier to comprehend and understand the purpose or message the company or client are trying to convey back to the consumer or audience. It is a form of visual communication through a combination of art and technology (Bean). Graphic design did not become as popular until the twenty-first century where it became digital and where computers became accessible. With the internet becoming such a great tool to communicate with others visually and through writing worldwide, advertising became a lot easier and graphic designers were in demand. Graphic design is one of the most flexible jobs in the market place. Twenty-five hundred jobs are created each year nearly sixty percent are self-employed. There is also a good job outlook through 2014 (Graphic). Every company, business, or general public use some sort of graphic design in their everyday life. As new technology arises the demand for graphic designers is rapidly increasing. Graphic design is expected to grow faster than average jobs, thirteen percent over ten years spanning from 2008 to 2015. This definitely makes competition fierce but also a promising future. According to the Bureau of Labor and statistics, about 261,000 graphic designers were employed in the year 2000 (U.S). By 2008 there were two-hundred and eighty-six thousand graphic designers (College). Graphic designers that want to have the best chance to land a job should have experience in website design and animation. Of twenty-five thousand graphic designers who try to enter the workforce, only sixty percent last the first two years, and only thirty percent remain in the field for five years (Everything). The graphic design job market will keep growing as long as advertising and computers play an important role in everyday life. Graphic design is a trait you must learn and have a talent or desire to be creative. The majorities of graphic designers have a four year degree in art design and have an understanding of the business world and production. Seventy percent of graphic designers go to college. Many artists turn to graphic design during their younger part of their life and then after go back to art. Professional graphic designers must be able to assemble a working portfolio to approach companies (Everything). A graphic design portfolio is a representation of the owner and all their skills in graphic design. This is similar to a rà ©sumà © except this is specifically to see the designers art work. Graphic designers should have a bachelors degree in design and take various liberal arts courses that focus on history, writing, psychology, sociology, foreign language and cultural studies. Graphic designers should also get a good understanding of how marketing, business and production affect their field of work. Designers should have experience using programs such as InDesign, Quark Express, Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator. Now there are also over one hundred accredited schools with graphic design programs to further your studies. The accredited schools also help designers deal with the lifestyle that comes with being a graphic designer. The salaries of graphic designers differ between small and large businesses.With all the schooling, graphic designers must accomplish their income ranges from twenty-three thousand to one hundred thousand a year, nearly sixty percent of designers are self-employed (College). According to statistics shown by occupational employment statistics, the least salary a graphic designer receives is twenty-four thousand, the average salary is forty-seven thousand and highest salaries top off at one hundred thousand or more (Graphic). With a small business, it makes making money harder because only local customers know of it. By using the designing skills, small businesses are able to expand and use their talents and abilities to advertise on the internet and throughout the street. Salaries all depend on how well the company does. A dedicated and talented designer could make millions and a designer who does not care could make nothing. Graphic designers must be able to work with a variety of media restrictions such as font size, specific colors and designs. Graphic designers are also met with financial restrictions as well (Everything). Graphic designers must be innovative from the start to impress their clients or company that they are doing business for. Graphic designers start off by preparing sketches of what their perspective is of the owners’ message to a targeted audience. Graphic designers use various forms of art designs, fonts, color schemes, and it even comes down to the type of paper they use as the layout. Graphic designers also use the aid of computer software for animation, sound, lighting and three-dimensional designs. Graphic designers also use various graphs in their projects and of course get approval for any information or artwork that isnt theirs. After they have a rough draft of what they think the owner or businesss message is trying convey they submit it to the art or creative director for review. Graphic designers that work for large advertising, publishing, or design firms usually work a regular forty hour week. Graphic designers that are self-employed or work for small firms have an unstable working environment. Self-employed graphic designers adjust their schedules to accommodate their clients’ schedules and deadlines. Graphic designers that get paid by the project are under a lot pressure because they have to try to keep current clients as well as finding new ones to keep a steady flow of income. Graphic designers’ style of art might be wanted one season and the next season no one might want it. Graphic design affects every single person every day. Today we see graphic design out in the world through billboards, clothing, logos, labels, and products (Bean). The take out menus, car covers, programs, and websites are the basic examples of how graphic design affects peoples everyday life. That is what will usually make or break a deal at a store. The way the product is presented, advertised, even if the actual product is not that great the way its presented will determine if a consumer will purchase it or not. Consumers also dress and present themselves in a way that will make them distinct or stand out from others. Everyone uses some sort of art to design a certain style that they like or appreciate. People also dress with caution to give the right message to the targeted audience. For example, wearing a Raiders jersey gives the message that the owner of the jersey likes the Raiders or the players name that is printed on the jersey. Italso gives the message that they like football. By using graphic designing on clothing, it gives people personality and style. Without the different logos or graphics on a clothing, everyone would look boring and the same every day. The variety of all the graphic designers’ talents and ideas make the clothing styles unique. Unique styles are what brings in the consumers with similar interests. Some styles are so unique that they are worth a lot of money and some are just basic styles that are not as expensive. An important aspect to creating clothing is to know what type of consumers the company is trying to reach out too. Making sure that there is a large amount of people or if the design is popular at time is key to making money. In conclusion, graphic designing is important to society because everything made or seen is made from graphic design. It adds personality to products and people. Dedicating your time and talent into projects makes the job of graphic designing worthwhile. Making advertisements for companies is an important job because it helps the company gain business and it reflects the artwork. Advertising has been around for a long time and it keeps improving with the new technology. Graphic designing is used to communicate the message that the producers want to go out. There could be as many designers as there are businesses. Designers seem to have the easy job, but in reality they have pressure and deadlines to meet. Not anyone off the street can make millions, but a dedicated designer that goes through the education requirements will be successful in life. That person will most likely be able to own their own small or large business. Owning a business will have the greatest incoming salary and the best outlook. Graphic designing in the best because it makes everything have a unique part of it. All products are unique with their own logo, label or artwork. The more unique the product is, the more people want to know more about it. Graphic designing creates style which can speak for itself. The better the graphic is, the more popularity it gets. As the main component to a company, graphic designing is the most important role. Without it, the world would be dull and there would be no competition for the best products or the best artwork. Next time a product is looked at, people should comment on the graphic design that mostly persuades them to purchasing the item.

We Should NOT Raise the Minimum Wage Essay -- Minimum Wage Essays

What would be so bad about raising minimum wage? Before other states jump on the $15 minimum-wage bandwagon, they might want to look at what's happening in Massachusetts — one of two states with a $10-an-hour minimum wage. Massachusetts increased the minimum wage from $8 to $9 at the start of 2015 and to $10 on the first day of 2016. The state is now mired in its longest stretch of net job losses since the recession in both the retail and the leisure and hospitality sectors, Labor Department data show. Raising the minimum will end up hurting Americans more than helping them. The people that are for raising minimum wage are people who believe that increasing minimum wage can help those people who are unskilled and need an income they can live on. Yet, raising minimum wage would do the opposite and make employers have to fire people who earn minimum wage, because they can't afford the higher wages. People need to realize that increasing the minimum wage would hurt people more than help them. In the end increasing minimum wage would result in some people being let go, for the reason, businesses can't afford paying them minimum wage anymore. The people, who are for raising the minimum wage, are people who think that the reason for poverty is because of the minimum wage not being high enough. The first standard minimum wage is formed under the "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the nationwide minimum wage was designed to lift millions of American workers out of poverty and to stimulate the economy"(Wittner). Today the people that are in favor of raising minimum wage believe that there should be another "Fair Labor Standards Act" to raise the national minimum wage to ten dollars and seventy-fo... ...e, but in the end it is up to the states and government to increase minimum wage across the U.S. So just think about what would be the best option for our country, and support that choice because the argument for increasing minimum wage has been going on for a long time and will keep going on into the future. Works Cited "American Enterprise Institute." Why We Shouldn't Raise the Minimum Wage. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. "Bill Gates: Raising Minimum Wage Can Destroy Jobs." The Foundry Conservative Policy News from The Heritage Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. Stern, Andy, and Carl Camden. "Why We Need to Raise the Minimum Wage." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 10 Mar. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. Wittner, Lawrence. "The Minimum Wage Should Be Raised." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 10 Nov. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.

Impact of M-Commerce in Job Market

The advent of wireless and mobile technology has created both new opportunities and new challenges for the business community. In its present state, M-Commerce can be viewed as an extension of conventional, Internet-based E-Commerce, which adds a different mode of network and accommodates different end users’ characteristics. However, if the predictions stating that mobile and wireless computing will dominate the Internet industry in the future materialize, the E-Commerce and M-Commerce could become a singular blended entity. M-Commerce, as defined by Muller and Veerse, stands for conducting commercial transactions via a â€Å"mobile† telecommunications network using a communication, information, and payment (CIP) device such as a mobile phone or a palmtop unit. In a broader sense, M-Commerce can simply be defined as exchanging products, ideas and services between mobile users and providers. This paper will also give an overview of the characteristics of M-Commerce. We discuss the basic characteristics of M-Commerce that have the potential to influence the basic marketing orientation of both sellers and buyers, and, above all, alter the general dynamics of the market. There are many definitions of m-commerce with differing emphases. Keen and Mackintosh define m-commerce as the extension of electronic commerce from wired to wireless computers and telecommunications, and from fixed locations to anytime, anywhere, and anyone. when something is mobile it means that its primary usage environment is a mobile one. On the other hand, mobility in itself and mobile technology is not necessarily a value; the freedom created and supported with the technology is the key issue. Durlacher define m-commerce as â€Å"any transaction with a monetary value that is conducted via a mobile telecommunication network†. The focus in this definition lies on the exchange of products and services that is associated with a monetary value. They specifically list any kind of service that can be provided by the mobile device, thus expanding the mere commercial character through communicative and informative services. A mobile device is a small smart device. It can be a mobile phone, a communicator or a PDA. It communicates and transfers data (convenience). It is used only by its owner (personalization). It can provide information anytime, anywhere (ubiquity). Capturing the concept of mobility, a user can be contacted anywhere (reachability). A mobile device can provide users? locations (localization). Knowledge of users? precise geographical location allows customized, relevant content to be delivered to them when and where they need it. It can also be used to connect to the Internet (instant connectivity). Ubiquitous interactivity (figure 1) is what makes mobile devices unique. Wireless devices enable users to send, receive, and act on information in real-time, independent of their location. The western mobile and remote workforce is growing, driven by both business necessity and technological innovation. One explanation for increased work mobility is the emergence of service industry as a dominating occupation in the post-industrial society. Service work is often performed, where the customer is, and thus making many services mobile. It is not like manufacturing work; which takes place where the machinery is located. Another factor is the increased cooperation in and between organizations. Some forms of cooperation can take place remotely, but people still need to meet physically. A third important factor for increased mobility is the extensive adoption of mobile technologies. Mobile technologies enable people to be mobile and yet accessible. As people have become accessible independent of place, new ways of working have emerged in many organizations. To describe the mobile worker, new concepts have been coined. Mobile commerce may impact both mobile workers and their enterprises in the following dimensions. Location: The post-industrial workers work at various locations: in their office, at clients? office, at colleagues? office, in the train, hotel rooms, etc. We can thus imagine that during this extensive geographical movement, mobile workers are often away form the â€Å"benevolent dictator†, their desktop computers, which contain most of the information they need and impose rigid constraints on how and where they can be used. With m-commerce the user is put in the centre of information and communication. Information comes to the user instead of the user looking for it. This makes mobile workers able to receive actionable and useful information on demand at the moment of relevance and regardless of their location and extensive movement. Sales reps are examples of workers who are constantly on the road while their effectiveness depends to a large extent on their ability to have immediate access to account information, current prices, order status and market conditions. The importance of immediate access to information by salespeople is well recognized in the personnel selling literature. Salespeople? effectiveness can be enhanced by providing them with market research information and encouraging them to unitize information. With vast amount of relevant information about client’s orders, roduct’s profitability, promotions at their fingertips regardless of their locations, sales reps can adjust their call schedule to adequately target those customers with the highest potential at the right time. Additionally, receiving time-sensitive alerts about customers? latest orders, industry indicators and competitors? actions, may enable sales reps to tailor their sales messages to a specific customer, adapt to opportunities that arise during the sale call and overcome objections. Indeed, many empirical studies find a strong effect of adaptive selling on salesperson performance. Furthermore, M-commerce can enable mobile workers to use more efficiently their dead time. This time generally occurs between tasks and between meetings, in which workers usually have little control over the resources available to them. For instance, pharmaceutical sales reps often visit doctors to provide them with information on what is available as order brochures on products in which the doctor is interested. Frequently the doctor is not available and the representative wants to find a nearby alternative contact. If there is no alternative contact to visit, then the time for waiting for the doctor to become available may turn to be dead time for the sales representative. With m-commerce, the sales reps can turn this dead time into a productive one by performing non-selling tasks such as completing and sending expense reports to their company, preparing invoices or writing and sending thanks letters to customers. These reduce the time that sales reps have to spend in the office to perform routine tasks and thus allow them to spend more time selling. Indeed, McGraw Hill’s study of 239 salespeople across 198 different companies reveals that salespeople spend on the average about 25% of their time waiting for interviews with clients and travelling. Using dead time more efficiently may occur in a variety of locations (i. e. trains, airports, airplanes, hotels rooms, office buildings, etc). Additionally, mobile workers spend considerable portion of their time on the road, Awareness of their geographical position by the network can allow relevant support and alerts be sent to theme. Examples of such alerts are â€Å"there is a traffic jam two kilometers ahead, use the alternative highway†, â€Å"there is a restaurant offering 10% discount in avenue X â€Å", I have a breakdown, in nowhere, send me a tow truck†, †your client X is in the avenue ahead to you †. Interaction: Asynchronous communications enabled by emails has made co-workers interactions with others more flexible. However, asynchronous communication inevitably creates time lag. Until a receiver of an email actually goes to his computer and read the email, the communication does not come into effect in practice. Moreover, email communication requires a computer and software, which are mostly fixed to a certain location such as an office and home. M-commerce may enhance interaction among distributed workers and others by enabling them to have access to corporate resources, send and receive emails regardless of their location. For instance journalists on the move are often faced with situations in which they have to report events on topics on which they are not fully profound with. Also reporting is often conducted away from editorial staff and radio TV / station’s resources. In such a case M-commerce can provide support to journalists by enabling them, irrespective of their locations, to connect to their TV/Radio station’s intranet. The system can then provide them with the list of resources available on the topic they want to cover together with contact details of colleague who have expertise in such topics. The journalists can then either use the available resources to get an understanding of the topic or elect to contact their colleagues for more interaction. Additionally, ubiquitous access to e-mails and corporate data by mobile workers may enable them to make themselves readily available to address customer problems and questions. Reducing the time it takes to deal with a client’s concern or difficulty may have a positive impact on customer orientation, the degree to which the seller is perceived by the buyer to put customer’s need first. Indeed, customer orientation is a key enabler of buyer-seller relationship developments. Operations: we are witnessing the emergence of new forms of organization, in particular virtual Corporations. Virtual corporations could not exist without an effective information exchange and efficient coordination of the members. This applies also to other management initiatives such as project team or task force. But it is sometimes challenging for corporations to ensure fast coordination among co-workers while they are on the move even if they introduced Internet technologies such as email in their work practices. M-commerce can act as the â€Å"glue† among distributed members, by connecting them more tightly regardless of their locations. This may for instance make it possible for marketing managers to use real time data flowing from the field to evaluate the results of promotions and new product introductions more rapidly and communicate their reactions (i. e. promotions) to the field force. Manufacturing may also use real time field information to reduce overproduction and the incidence of stale products. Additionally, Top executives often need information on market and competitors issues before they make big decisions. Real time information flowing from the field would enable executives to make decisions based on accurate information, which may enhance the quality of their decisions. Indeed the best source for top executives with regard to both market and competition watch is the field force. Conclusion Thus we have discussed about M-Commerce and the challenges that they impose on workers while on the move. We have also explored how m-commerce with its unique attributes can provide mobile workers with more freedom and support through minimizing non-productive time, enhancing interaction with other members and improving the quality of decisions. It is worth mentioning that m-commerce may result in some consequences that workers may not welcome. Perhaps the most immediate drawback of extensive use of mobile technologies by workers is the problem of â€Å"interaction overload†. Anytime and anywhere connectivity may becomes everywhere/all-the-time connectivity; which may result in the danger of users becoming â€Å"too connected†. But in the other hand, access to information at the point of relevance may make it possible for mobile worker to work smarter and to minimize their unproductive time, which may enhance their life / work balance.